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Calculus
Limits to Taylor series: the full mechanical toolkit.
Prerequisites: None (entry point)
- 1LimitsWhat it means to approach a value without reaching it, and why the number e shows up in compound interest.
- 2DerivativesThe derivative as an instantaneous rate of change, built from the limit definition.
- 3Differentiation RulesProduct, quotient, and chain rules, plus log differentiation and the classic x^x problem.
- 4Integration FundamentalsAntiderivatives, the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, and area under a curve.
- 5U-SubstitutionThe chain rule in reverse: spotting composite structure inside integrals.
- 6Integration by PartsThe product rule in reverse, the LIATE heuristic, and the tabular shortcut.
- 7Advanced Integration TechniquesPartial fractions, trig substitution, improper integrals, and a strategy decision tree.
- 8Partial DerivativesDifferentiating functions of several variables: partials, the gradient, and directional derivatives.
- 9Multiple IntegralsDouble and triple integrals, Fubini's theorem, and polar coordinates.
- 10Taylor Series & SequencesApproximating functions with polynomials, key expansions, and convergence tests.
- 11Optimization: Gradients, the Hessian and Gradient DescentFinding the best point of a function: set the gradient to zero, read the Hessian to tell a minimum from a maximum or a saddle, walk downhill with gradient descent when you can't solve by hand, and size a Kelly bet with the same tools.
- 12Constrained Optimization: Lagrange MultipliersOptimizing a function when you have to stay on a curve or inside a region: Lagrange multipliers, the multiplier as a shadow price, and the KKT conditions for inequality constraints.
- 13Differential EquationsEquations whose answer is a function: separable equations, the integrating factor, damping in brief, and how adding noise to an ODE gives an SDE.
- 14Numerical Methods: Newton, Bisection and Finite DifferencesRoot finding by bisection and Newton's method, solving for implied volatility, and finite-difference Greeks with the right step size.
Practice
The problem bank has 25 interview problems on this material, with hints and full solutions.
Practice 25 related problems